Effect Of Coffee On Alertness Essay - 1190 Words

Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITREATURE This chapter presents the related literature and studies that the researchers found significant for the improvement of the research. This will also serve as a synthesis of all the gathered research for the greater understanding of the reader and the researchers as well. The discussion for this chapter will be divided into parts. The first part is about coffee and it aspects, like the coffee industry and coffee consumption. Following that part is the discussion of caffeine, the major component of coffee, which includes its positive and negative effects on health. The third part concerns alertness, which is the other focus of our research. After that comes the last part which discusses the link between the two and what are the effects of coffee on alertness. The discussion will answer some of our research question and is important for the success of this paper. Coffee as an Industry Around the world, one of the well-known beverages and the most consumed or exported product, after petroleum, is none other known as coffee. Coffee is developed in around over 80 nations and involves itself in worldwide business. Specifically, the universal coffee trade includes about 500 million people for management; beginning from cultivation until the final consumption. The coffee industry manufactures huge amounts of coffee-by-products which are considered as prosperous nutrient resources. Examples of these by-products are such that of coffee husks andShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Caffeine On Our Lives1214 Words   |  5 PagesDo you start your day with a fresh, steaming cup of coffee? Do you drink coffee to satisfy your addictive craze? Do you need caffeine to keep you awake? Well, roughly 80% of Americans do. In an average day 90% of Americans consume some type of caffeine. With so many people ingesting caffeine, do they know what it is? Are you conscious of your intake? Do you know how much you have per day? Did you know you could die from caffeine poisoning or overdose? You can! Do you need to consume caffeine dailyRead MoreCoffee Daily: Windows to the World1571 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world wake up to a cup of coffee but is this harmful or beneficial? Research shows that the pros to coffee, at responsible amounts per day, outweigh the cons or negative effects of coffee and even have the same effects as medicines given over the counter at pharmacy or even prescribed by a pharmacist. Many people just drink coffee without even knowing the location of where coffee began but this can be very crucial to the understanding to finding the benefits of coffee. â€Å"In the Ethiopian highlandsRead MoreEssay on The Beneficial Effects of Caffeine1441 Words   |  6 Pagesprocess and help boost alertness when used in moderation because of the different types of research that supports caffeine stimulation. Caffeine comes in many different forms, and is an important in many people’s lives. In order to understand how caffeine has the potential to stimulate the memory, you must understand what caffeine is. Caffeine isn’t sugary or sweet like most substances that contain caffeine. Caffeine is actually a bitter substance, which has many effects on the body’s metabolismRead MoreThe World s Most Favorite Drink Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pagesclothing, dyes, paints, inks, papers, fertilizers, pesticides, lubricants and much more. One of the most used plant is Coffea Arabica, commonly known as coffee. Coffee is the world’s most favorite drink and the most important commercial crop plant. People drink coffee to relieve mental and physical fatigue and to increase mental alertness. Coffee is also used to prevent Parkinson s disease, gallstones, type 2 diabetes, gastrointestinal cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer. Other uses include treatmentRead MoreThe Impact of Dr inking too Much Caffeine1275 Words   |  6 Pagesof almost 2 cups of coffee), with as many as 30% of Americans consuming 500 mg or more per day. The most common sources of caffeine includes coffee beans, tea plants, kola nuts, mate leaves, guarana paste and yoco bark. To understand the unique role that caffeine plays, it is useful to gain perspective on its common sources which is unfermented beverages. Some of the beverages in the amount 5oz contains the following caffeine content. Brewed coffee (90 to125 mg), Instant coffee (35 to164mg), DecaffeinatedRead MoreCaffeine Essay867 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter? Chocolate can improve your memory because of a drug called caffeine. Caffeine is contained in many different kinds of foods and drinks like coffee, chocolate and tea. It is a legal drug that consumed worldwide. Its function is to stimulate the central nervous system associated with brain function that affects mental performance especially alertness, attention and concentration . Theobromine is an active ingredient of chocolate that is found in cocoa. Theobromine and caffeine are related and haveRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1241 Words   |  5 Pagescaffeine, the caffeine can mask the depressant effects of alcohol, making drinkers feel more alert than they would otherwise. While mixing caffeine and alcohol is increases your energy and it can mask the effects of alcohol.† Site: www.cdc.gov/alcohol and www.healthline.com †¢ What are the harmful and beneficial effects of caffeine? â€Å"Caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant. When it reaches your brain, the most noticeable effect is alertness. You’ll feel more awake and less tired, so it’sRead MoreCaffeine, is it Helping or Hurting America?1089 Words   |  5 Pagesprescription drugs, cigarettes, foods, etc. The most consumed sources of caffeine are coffee and tea, and it [caffeine] can be harmful on your health, as well as addictive. America should be aware of the causes and effects caffeine has on the human body, which can lead to addiction and bad side effects. Coffee and tea have been used by humans for many years. Those beverages are the primary source of human’s caffeine intake. Coffee and tea go back to the earliest human history. A Greek poet Homer, who livedRead MoreNegative Effects Of Caffeine992 Words   |  4 PagesThe effect of caffeine on accuracy in a sports related task Introduction The use of caffeine is worldwide, contained in a range of foods, beverages and medicines with it being one of the most frequently consumed ingredients worldwide (Heckman, Weil, Mejia, Gonzalez, 2010). Extensive research has been conducted into caffeine and its effects on our cognitive functioning and development, with many studies concluding that due to its beneficial effects surrounding enhanced performance and awarenessRead MoreEffects Of Caffeine On People s Lives927 Words   |  4 Pageshuge part of North American culture, it is consumed in coffee, teas, chocolate, energy drinks and many other goods. Coffee is the main source of caffeine, and is frequently consumed socially. Because people rely on this substance so heavily, its side effects are often speculated. People who tend to consume large amounts of caffeine notice shakiness, nervousness, irritability, and increased heart rate (Whiteman.) However, the positive effects are much greater, and some include decreased risk for oral

Effect Of Coffee On Alertness Essay - 1190 Words

Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITREATURE This chapter presents the related literature and studies that the researchers found significant for the improvement of the research. This will also serve as a synthesis of all the gathered research for the greater understanding of the reader and the researchers as well. The discussion for this chapter will be divided into parts. The first part is about coffee and it aspects, like the coffee industry and coffee consumption. Following that part is the discussion of caffeine, the major component of coffee, which includes its positive and negative effects on health. The third part concerns alertness, which is the other focus of our research. After that comes the last part which discusses the link between the two and what are the effects of coffee on alertness. The discussion will answer some of our research question and is important for the success of this paper. Coffee as an Industry Around the world, one of the well-known beverages and the most consumed or exported product, after petroleum, is none other known as coffee. Coffee is developed in around over 80 nations and involves itself in worldwide business. Specifically, the universal coffee trade includes about 500 million people for management; beginning from cultivation until the final consumption. The coffee industry manufactures huge amounts of coffee-by-products which are considered as prosperous nutrient resources. Examples of these by-products are such that of coffee husks andShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Caffeine On Our Lives1214 Words   |  5 PagesDo you start your day with a fresh, steaming cup of coffee? Do you drink coffee to satisfy your addictive craze? Do you need caffeine to keep you awake? Well, roughly 80% of Americans do. In an average day 90% of Americans consume some type of caffeine. With so many people ingesting caffeine, do they know what it is? Are you conscious of your intake? Do you know how much you have per day? Did you know you could die from caffeine poisoning or overdose? You can! Do you need to consume caffeine dailyRead MoreCoffee Daily: Windows to the World1571 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world wake up to a cup of coffee but is this harmful or beneficial? Research shows that the pros to coffee, at responsible amounts per day, outweigh the cons or negative effects of coffee and even have the same effects as medicines given over the counter at pharmacy or even prescribed by a pharmacist. Many people just drink coffee without even knowing the location of where coffee began but this can be very crucial to the understanding to finding the benefits of coffee. â€Å"In the Ethiopian highlandsRead MoreEssay on The Beneficial Effects of Caffeine1441 Words   |  6 Pagesprocess and help boost alertness when used in moderation because of the different types of research that supports caffeine stimulation. Caffeine comes in many different forms, and is an important in many people’s lives. In order to understand how caffeine has the potential to stimulate the memory, you must understand what caffeine is. Caffeine isn’t sugary or sweet like most substances that contain caffeine. Caffeine is actually a bitter substance, which has many effects on the body’s metabolismRead MoreThe World s Most Favorite Drink Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pagesclothing, dyes, paints, inks, papers, fertilizers, pesticides, lubricants and much more. One of the most used plant is Coffea Arabica, commonly known as coffee. Coffee is the world’s most favorite drink and the most important commercial crop plant. People drink coffee to relieve mental and physical fatigue and to increase mental alertness. Coffee is also used to prevent Parkinson s disease, gallstones, type 2 diabetes, gastrointestinal cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer. Other uses include treatmentRead MoreThe Impact of Dr inking too Much Caffeine1275 Words   |  6 Pagesof almost 2 cups of coffee), with as many as 30% of Americans consuming 500 mg or more per day. The most common sources of caffeine includes coffee beans, tea plants, kola nuts, mate leaves, guarana paste and yoco bark. To understand the unique role that caffeine plays, it is useful to gain perspective on its common sources which is unfermented beverages. Some of the beverages in the amount 5oz contains the following caffeine content. Brewed coffee (90 to125 mg), Instant coffee (35 to164mg), DecaffeinatedRead MoreCaffeine Essay867 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter? Chocolate can improve your memory because of a drug called caffeine. Caffeine is contained in many different kinds of foods and drinks like coffee, chocolate and tea. It is a legal drug that consumed worldwide. Its function is to stimulate the central nervous system associated with brain function that affects mental performance especially alertness, attention and concentration . Theobromine is an active ingredient of chocolate that is found in cocoa. Theobromine and caffeine are related and haveRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1241 Words   |  5 Pagescaffeine, the caffeine can mask the depressant effects of alcohol, making drinkers feel more alert than they would otherwise. While mixing caffeine and alcohol is increases your energy and it can mask the effects of alcohol.† Site: www.cdc.gov/alcohol and www.healthline.com †¢ What are the harmful and beneficial effects of caffeine? â€Å"Caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant. When it reaches your brain, the most noticeable effect is alertness. You’ll feel more awake and less tired, so it’sRead MoreCaffeine, is it Helping or Hurting America?1089 Words   |  5 Pagesprescription drugs, cigarettes, foods, etc. The most consumed sources of caffeine are coffee and tea, and it [caffeine] can be harmful on your health, as well as addictive. America should be aware of the causes and effects caffeine has on the human body, which can lead to addiction and bad side effects. Coffee and tea have been used by humans for many years. Those beverages are the primary source of human’s caffeine intake. Coffee and tea go back to the earliest human history. A Greek poet Homer, who livedRead MoreNegative Effects Of Caffeine992 Words   |  4 PagesThe effect of caffeine on accuracy in a sports related task Introduction The use of caffeine is worldwide, contained in a range of foods, beverages and medicines with it being one of the most frequently consumed ingredients worldwide (Heckman, Weil, Mejia, Gonzalez, 2010). Extensive research has been conducted into caffeine and its effects on our cognitive functioning and development, with many studies concluding that due to its beneficial effects surrounding enhanced performance and awarenessRead MoreEffects Of Caffeine On People s Lives927 Words   |  4 Pageshuge part of North American culture, it is consumed in coffee, teas, chocolate, energy drinks and many other goods. Coffee is the main source of caffeine, and is frequently consumed socially. Because people rely on this substance so heavily, its side effects are often speculated. People who tend to consume large amounts of caffeine notice shakiness, nervousness, irritability, and increased heart rate (Whiteman.) However, the positive effects are much greater, and some include decreased risk for oral

Effect Of Coffee On Alertness Essay - 1190 Words

Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITREATURE This chapter presents the related literature and studies that the researchers found significant for the improvement of the research. This will also serve as a synthesis of all the gathered research for the greater understanding of the reader and the researchers as well. The discussion for this chapter will be divided into parts. The first part is about coffee and it aspects, like the coffee industry and coffee consumption. Following that part is the discussion of caffeine, the major component of coffee, which includes its positive and negative effects on health. The third part concerns alertness, which is the other focus of our research. After that comes the last part which discusses the link between the two and what are the effects of coffee on alertness. The discussion will answer some of our research question and is important for the success of this paper. Coffee as an Industry Around the world, one of the well-known beverages and the most consumed or exported product, after petroleum, is none other known as coffee. Coffee is developed in around over 80 nations and involves itself in worldwide business. Specifically, the universal coffee trade includes about 500 million people for management; beginning from cultivation until the final consumption. The coffee industry manufactures huge amounts of coffee-by-products which are considered as prosperous nutrient resources. Examples of these by-products are such that of coffee husks andShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Caffeine On Our Lives1214 Words   |  5 PagesDo you start your day with a fresh, steaming cup of coffee? Do you drink coffee to satisfy your addictive craze? Do you need caffeine to keep you awake? Well, roughly 80% of Americans do. In an average day 90% of Americans consume some type of caffeine. With so many people ingesting caffeine, do they know what it is? Are you conscious of your intake? Do you know how much you have per day? Did you know you could die from caffeine poisoning or overdose? You can! Do you need to consume caffeine dailyRead MoreCoffee Daily: Windows to the World1571 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world wake up to a cup of coffee but is this harmful or beneficial? Research shows that the pros to coffee, at responsible amounts per day, outweigh the cons or negative effects of coffee and even have the same effects as medicines given over the counter at pharmacy or even prescribed by a pharmacist. Many people just drink coffee without even knowing the location of where coffee began but this can be very crucial to the understanding to finding the benefits of coffee. â€Å"In the Ethiopian highlandsRead MoreEssay on The Beneficial Effects of Caffeine1441 Words   |  6 Pagesprocess and help boost alertness when used in moderation because of the different types of research that supports caffeine stimulation. Caffeine comes in many different forms, and is an important in many people’s lives. In order to understand how caffeine has the potential to stimulate the memory, you must understand what caffeine is. Caffeine isn’t sugary or sweet like most substances that contain caffeine. Caffeine is actually a bitter substance, which has many effects on the body’s metabolismRead MoreThe World s Most Favorite Drink Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pagesclothing, dyes, paints, inks, papers, fertilizers, pesticides, lubricants and much more. One of the most used plant is Coffea Arabica, commonly known as coffee. Coffee is the world’s most favorite drink and the most important commercial crop plant. People drink coffee to relieve mental and physical fatigue and to increase mental alertness. Coffee is also used to prevent Parkinson s disease, gallstones, type 2 diabetes, gastrointestinal cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer. Other uses include treatmentRead MoreThe Impact of Dr inking too Much Caffeine1275 Words   |  6 Pagesof almost 2 cups of coffee), with as many as 30% of Americans consuming 500 mg or more per day. The most common sources of caffeine includes coffee beans, tea plants, kola nuts, mate leaves, guarana paste and yoco bark. To understand the unique role that caffeine plays, it is useful to gain perspective on its common sources which is unfermented beverages. Some of the beverages in the amount 5oz contains the following caffeine content. Brewed coffee (90 to125 mg), Instant coffee (35 to164mg), DecaffeinatedRead MoreCaffeine Essay867 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter? Chocolate can improve your memory because of a drug called caffeine. Caffeine is contained in many different kinds of foods and drinks like coffee, chocolate and tea. It is a legal drug that consumed worldwide. Its function is to stimulate the central nervous system associated with brain function that affects mental performance especially alertness, attention and concentration . Theobromine is an active ingredient of chocolate that is found in cocoa. Theobromine and caffeine are related and haveRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1241 Words   |  5 Pagescaffeine, the caffeine can mask the depressant effects of alcohol, making drinkers feel more alert than they would otherwise. While mixing caffeine and alcohol is increases your energy and it can mask the effects of alcohol.† Site: www.cdc.gov/alcohol and www.healthline.com †¢ What are the harmful and beneficial effects of caffeine? â€Å"Caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant. When it reaches your brain, the most noticeable effect is alertness. You’ll feel more awake and less tired, so it’sRead MoreCaffeine, is it Helping or Hurting America?1089 Words   |  5 Pagesprescription drugs, cigarettes, foods, etc. The most consumed sources of caffeine are coffee and tea, and it [caffeine] can be harmful on your health, as well as addictive. America should be aware of the causes and effects caffeine has on the human body, which can lead to addiction and bad side effects. Coffee and tea have been used by humans for many years. Those beverages are the primary source of human’s caffeine intake. Coffee and tea go back to the earliest human history. A Greek poet Homer, who livedRead MoreNegative Effects Of Caffeine992 Words   |  4 PagesThe effect of caffeine on accuracy in a sports related task Introduction The use of caffeine is worldwide, contained in a range of foods, beverages and medicines with it being one of the most frequently consumed ingredients worldwide (Heckman, Weil, Mejia, Gonzalez, 2010). Extensive research has been conducted into caffeine and its effects on our cognitive functioning and development, with many studies concluding that due to its beneficial effects surrounding enhanced performance and awarenessRead MoreEffects Of Caffeine On People s Lives927 Words   |  4 Pageshuge part of North American culture, it is consumed in coffee, teas, chocolate, energy drinks and many other goods. Coffee is the main source of caffeine, and is frequently consumed socially. Because people rely on this substance so heavily, its side effects are often speculated. People who tend to consume large amounts of caffeine notice shakiness, nervousness, irritability, and increased heart rate (Whiteman.) However, the positive effects are much greater, and some include decreased risk for oral

17 Words That Changed My Life Forever Free Essays

I remember several years back I heard something that changed my life forever. Up until that point I had been struggling through life ? doing everything the hard way. I couldn? figure out why my life wasn? going the way I felt it should be. We will write a custom essay sample on 17 Words That Changed My Life Forever or any similar topic only for you Order Now I saw some people going through life effortlessly and seemingly with less tension and frustration while I was wondering if I could ever straighten out the mess my life had turned out to be. I was behind on my dreams, my promises, and my bills. Then one day I was listening to a tape and the lady was talking about the power of having dreams and goals and all of the other stuff that those motivational speakers talk about. By that point I had listened to hundreds of such tapes, but it seemed as if nothing worked for me. Probably the only reason I was listening to that one was because I had developed a habit of listening to cassette tapes while driving my car. The statement the lady said was simple and I think I had even heard it somewhere before but this time a light bulb went on in my head. I remember stopping the tape and rewinding it over and over again to hear the 17 words she said. I couldn? believe it was so basic and simple. I was looking for something sophisticated and complicated. I thought I had to attend a $10,000 seminar. I didn? know I could find it on a $10 tape program. I? taking the time to tell you all of this preliminary information because when I tell you the 17 words, I really want you to get it and get it NOW! Because if you get it NOW, your life will never be the same. You will be using the same principle that all who have became wealthy before you have used. Even those who became wealthy and can? tell you how they did use this same principle without even being aware of what they are doing. Well, are you ready for the 17 words that made a powerful and positive impact on my life and on the life of tens of thousands of individuals who have achieved unimaginable success? Of course you are? Well, here they are? For things to change, you must get a picture of what you want them to change to. Yes, it? as simple as it sounds and as easy as it seems? Don? try to make it any complicated than this because it will only frustrate you. You must know exactly what you want and the more specific and clear you can get, the better. This is important because Human Beings are Teleological in nature? In other words, we move towards the pictures we constantly hold in our minds. Let me give you an example? Suppose you went to the store and bought a 1,000-piece jigsaw puzzle but it didn? have a picture on the box of what the end result should look like. Would you have a much harder time putting the picture together? Of course. You may eventually figure it out; however, the person who has a clear picture of what the end result should look like will be more than 100 times ahead of you. The question is are they 100 times ahead of you because their IQ is 100 times greater? Is it because they are 100 times better looking than you? Maybe it? because they live 100 times closer to the person who created the puzzle? Ohh, I know ? they were one of the first students to take the Evelyn Woods mind-expanding speed-reading and comprehension course right? If none of this is true then what it? Yes, the person who had the clear and specific picture of what the outcome was supposed to be was simply operating in accordance to how our brain works. It moves towards the pictures we hold in our mind. It? interesting because once you know exactly what it is you are moving towards, you seem to automatically know the steps to take or the necessary steps will soon become noticeable. Your brain, operating similar to a magnet, will start to attract in your direction the conditions, people, and circumstances that will help you move loser to the mental picture you maintain in your mind and it will repel all of those things that do not correlate to the picture you have in your mind. Therefore, the people who are clear and specific about what they want are using the powers of the Universe to assist them. This is, indeed, an awesome power. A person who knows how and uses this awesome power of the Universe to his or her advantage is a person who is working smart. A person who struggles every day trying to move closer to the success that they have no idea how it? upposed to look is a person who is working hard. Based on your observations over the years, do you think that most people are working hard or working smart? People who just work hard day in and day out without a clear picture of what they are moving towards are about as exciting as a tulip. Even though they may seem to be willing to work hard and put in the hours, they don? seem to have much life in them. And people want to follow people who seem to have some life in them. If they want to find people who don? eem to have much life in them, all they have to do is go to their job. People will follow people who look like they know where they are going and look like they are excited about the journey. You must understand that your strength comes from knowing what you want. This will ignite the fire inside of you and enable you to borrow from the promise of the future so you can engage in the activities today that w ill move you closer and closer to what you want. It will enable you to go through the trials and tribulations that may be necessary so you can arrive at your destination. But remember the journey will be more important than the destination because in the journey you will become the person you require to become to finally arrive at your destination. So when you reach your destination, look at the person you have become and set a new destination so you can continue to grow and develop. Whatever you do, just always remember that for things to change, you must get a picture of what you want them to change to. These are the 17 Words that Changed My Life Forever? Why not allow them to change yours too? Until Next time? Go, Go, Go!!! How to cite 17 Words That Changed My Life Forever, Essays

Lab Report on Shark Essay Example

Lab Report on Shark Paper New technologies can only add to information we know about previously described species. Different kinds of animals have different body coverings. Marine vertebrates include 5 major groups based on observable features including body covering, among other characteristics: * Fish have skin covered with wet scales * Amphibians have bare skin that is usually moist or wet * Reptiles have skin covered with dry scales * Birds have skin covered with feathers * Mammals have skin covered with hair (fur) OBJECTIVES 1. Learn to use digital photography for visual documentation of specimen. 2. Locate and discuss the external and internal anatomy of the cartilaginous fish. 3. Draw and identify the external and internal features. 4. Describe the function for each feature. METHODOLOGY 1 . The briefing on the experiment is given by the demonstrator. 2. The full images of the specimens and other important features are taken for identification purposes by using white slate board as the background. 3. Ruler is used as a scale. 4. A shark is dissected by the demonstrator. The external and internal features are identified. A summary on the digestive and the reproductive system of a shark is written. 5. The steps how to observe the internal anatomy off stingray is told briefly by the demonstrator. 6. The steps that have been told are followed when observing the internal organ of the stingray. 7. The organs are observed and identified, and their physiological roles are discussed. 8. All the dissection materials are washed, the dissection pan is cleaned and dried and the lab is cleared from any fluid once complete. 9. The students hands are washed thoroughly. 10. A report which using only the materials from the practical is written. RESULTS Snouts Shark Caudal fin Posterior dorsal fin Scales Anterior dorsal fin We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report on Shark specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report on Shark specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report on Shark specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Lateral Line eye Spiracle External nards/ nostril Pelvic fin Cloacae Pectoral fin Mouth External gill slits Dissection of Bamboo shark Clappers Originate papilla Pancreas Spleen Duodenum Liver Stomach intestine Kidneys Egg case Egg yolk Rectal gland Spiral valve Placid scale of a shark EXTERNAL ORGANS ORGANS I FUNCTIONS I Mouth I The mouth used to take food and teeth in the mouth are used to hold and tear food rather than to chew it. Gills I The place where the gas exchange occurs which are the oxygenated water must always be flowing over the gill filaments for respiration to occur. I Nostril I Allow sharks to smell and detect chemical in water. Eyes I To see the presence of preys. I Scales I Used for protection against predators and aid in swimming which have a hydrodynamic function. I Fins I The cartilaginous fins are used for the stabilization. I Snouts I Function as electro receptive organ, sensitive to electric charges of prey buried in the ground. INTERNAL ORGANS ORGANS I FUNCTION I Liver I Act as the energy storage and to help keep the shark buoyant. Esophagi I Connects the mouth to the stomach. I Stomach I Food goes here after being consumed. Digestion takes place here. Heart I To pump blood throughout the sharks body. I Pancreas I Secrete the digestive enzyme. I Spleen I It acts as a salt gland, removing excess salt from the blood. I Ovary/ testes I Used in fertilization. I Intestine I Digestive tract just after the stomach. I Kidneys I Filter the excess water and excreted out the cloacae as urine. I Summary on the digestive and the reproductive system in sharks. The structures of the digestive tract are affected by many factors such as the type of food eaten, the level of activity and metabolism, and the size of the animal. The mouth and oral cavity of the shark has evolved according to the type of food the shark eats. Besides that, the shark tooth has evolved from a smooth round tooth to a sharp, serrated triangular tooth which is adapted to feeding on larger prey. Sharks have an expandable stomach to support this eating which is it can receive large quantities in one sitting. This large area for storage allows the sharks metabolism to slow down, allowing it to not have to eat for long periods of time. This is important for any species that scours the open ocean, such as the oceanic white tip shark whose food is widely scattered and whose next meal is far from certain. Furthermore, in order to survive, a shark must eat 0. -3% of its body weight, each day. Indigestible things like very large bone and non-nutritive items, are vomited due to its valve (pyloric valve) can only enters liquid mush. All sharks have a relatively short gut, which is equipped internally with a special valve structure. The valve arrangement slows down the passage of food, allowing digestion to take place more effectively and nutrients to be absorbed more efficiently. In reproductive system in sharks, their eggs are fertilized inside the females body. The male shark has clappers, extensions of the pelvic fins that are used to ranches sperm to the female and fertilize her eggs. Most sharks give birth to live young, but some release eggs that hatch later. There are three types of sharks eggs development which are oviparous, viviparous and ovoviviparous. Oviparous are the sharks that deposit eggs in the ocean and will hatch later if they are not eaten by predators as the eggs are not guarded by their parents. Besides that, in viviparous sharks are give birth to live young which is the eggs hatch inside the females body and the babies are fed by a placenta which transfers nourishment from the mother to the babies. The sharks eggs that hatch and the babies develop inside the females body but there is no placenta to nourish the pups called ovoviviparous. The pups eat any unfertile eggs and each other which is a form of sibling cannibalism. Stingray Caudal filament tail Cloacae Barb Gills Eye Heart Esophagi Gill slits Brain Eggs Gall bladder Intestine Internal organs of stingrays (picture credited to hippopotamus) DISCUSSION 1. Why are the spiracles important? Spiracles provide oxygenated blood directly to the eye and brain through a separate blood vessel which is reduced or absent in active, fast-swimming harks. 2. What does the Lateral Line do? The lateral line system is very important in monitoring depth via atmospheric pressure, allows better hunting abilities which increasing the awareness of the location and movement of prey for the predator and for preys, it helps to keep the animal aware of possible dangers and allows for schooling behavior. 3. How is the sharks digestive system different from human? The digestive system in sharks and human are different in many aspects. Firstly, during the digestion in mouth, most sharks swallowed their large quantity food into their large tomato while human must do some physical digestion by chewing them into smaller pieces. Besides that, in stomach, sharks use very strong stomach acid to break down the food that has been swallowed, while human use lower acidity to break down the food as human has started the break down process starts from the mouth. Last but not least, the digestive system occurs in the intestine where in the sharks, it is called spiral valve. Their intestines are short but have a larger surface area due to the enfolding of the inner surface while we have long intestinal tract with villa which increasing the surface area to absorb nutrients. 4. What is the largest single part of the nervous system? The largest single part of the nervous system in sharks is the brain. 5. What does optic lobe receive information from? The optic lobe receives information from the optic nerve which is from eyes. 6. What does the medulla obligate and cerebellum control? Medulla obligate is a region of the brain that controls many of the sharks spinal reflexes and homeostasis responses.

a reflection on paul hindemith essays

a reflection on paul hindemith essays Paul Hindemith was revolutionary and a musical genius. Many people who lived around the same time saw him as nothing more than an untalented noisemaker. Granted, these people didnt have all of the various forms of music that we have today, but untalented would not be a word I would use to describe Paul Hindemith. He helped begin the last great change in classical music from the Romantic Era, which was very tonal and diatonic, to 20th Century Modern Music, which is extremely atonal. Diatonic means within in the key. In other words, everything sounds nice and pretty. There are no weird noises, no funny pitches. Atonal itself is defined as the avoidance of the traditional musical tonality, or in laymans terms, it sounds very weird. Paul Hindemith was born in the German State of Hesse in 1885, and grew up in Germany. After he completed his studies at the Conservatory of Frankfurt-am-Main, he was appointed conductor of the opera orchestra (1915-1923). In 1921, he also helped organize the famous Amar-Hindemith Quartet, in which he played viola. In 1927, he became the composition teacher at the Musikhochschuk in Berlin (Germany). In 1934, Hitler banned his work in Germany because of its extreme modernism. Around the same time, Hindemith was forced to flee the country of his birth after being openly opposed to Hitler and the doctrines of Goebbels. (Emory University, website). The doctrines were documents written by Dr. Joseph Goebbels recording the history of the Nazi party (Encyclopedia Britanica Online). In late 1939, he moved to the United States, and became the composition professor at Yale University. He was only there until World War II ended. After the war, he returned to Europe to take the position of the professor of composition at Zurich University. He died from a heart attack in a hospital in Frankfurt in December of 1963. The earliest known works of Hindemith were written in the year 1913. There wer...

Introduction to Pronouncing the French Alphabet

Introduction to Pronouncing the French Alphabet French pronunciation can be one of the more difficult aspects of learning French, especially for English speakers, but with time and practice, it is definitely possible to develop a good French accent. It important to do so eventually.  In French, pronunciation is a very big deal.  Phonetics, the system and study of sounds uttered in speaking  a language, in short, the way a language is pronounced, is taught in every language school serving foreigners. Students are drilled in opening their mouth, pursing their lips, hitting the roof of their mouth precisely with their tongue and other techniques involved in speaking French correctly.   Consonants and Vowels The French alphabet has the same 26 letters as the English alphabet does, but of course, most of the letters are pronounced differently in the two languages. In addition, French has five accents: four for vowels and one for a consonant, which English, of course, does not have. Vowels are the most problematic for non-native speakers, especially speakers of Germanic languages like English and German, who do not use the muscles in their face and mouth as much as the French. In the table below, start at the top with the links to pronunciation guides for French consonants and  French vowels.   Links to Detailed Letter Pages Then click on the capital letters in the table below and youll move on to the letter pages, each of which offers a detailed description of the pronunciation of that letter, including letter combinations, numerous examples and information about the accents that may be used with that letter. For each letter, note the rules governing its pronunciation, and follow them. When you are comfortable with pronouncing letters, proceed to the French Audio Guide, which illustrates with sound files, rules of the road and examples how to pronounce 2,500 French words and expressions. Remember that there is only so much you can do to improve your pronunciation on your own. At some point, you will almost certainly need to take a class, go to France  or hire a private tutor. Online pronunciation lessons like these can never take the place of interaction with native or fluent speakers, but at least they can help you get started or supplement what youve already learned. Allez-y! Pronounce the French Alphabet Consonants  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vowels ​ A  Ã‚  B  Ã‚  C  Ã‚  D  Ã‚  E  Ã‚  F  Ã‚  G  Ã‚  H  Ã‚  I  Ã‚  J  Ã‚  K  Ã‚  L  Ã‚  M  Ã‚  N  Ã‚  O  Ã‚  P  Ã‚  Q  Ã‚  R  Ã‚  S  Ã‚  T  Ã‚  U  Ã‚  V  Ã‚  W  Ã‚  X  Ã‚  Y  Ã‚  Z